History of Computer Animation :: Computers Animation Essays

History of Computer AnimationTo look at him, you would not think that Phil Tippett is the source of some of the most horrific and terrifying monsters ever witnessed by the human race. A quite normal-looking man of average height, with thinning grey hair, he has been at the forefront of movie verve for almost three decades. Phil Tippett is one of the greatest animators of all time, starting off with the age-old techniques of stop-motion and then moving on to the good computer generated wizardry of today. I chose to write roughly him because I greatly admire the work he had done in the industry and he has witnessed prime(prenominal) hand the technological advances that have occurred during the course of his career. I am also interested in him because as well as being involved in the field of cgi special effects (a career which I also wish to pursue), he was also closely involved in the ground-breaking (for the time) special effects and animation in the Star Wars Trilogy, which hap pens to be another love of mine.Born in 1951 in Illinois, Tippett has had a womb-to-tomb fascination with the art of animation. During his childhood he was transfixed by films such as King Kong and Jason and the Argonauts. He was fascinated by the surreal images in these movies and wanted to know how they were achieved. He went to his local library to investigate the subject and discovered the principles of stop motion. One of his favourite childhood hobbies was to make stop motion films with his fathers old movie camera. Tippett had been a lifelong devotee of stop motion as practiced by masters like Willis OBrien in King Kong (1933) and Ray Harryhausen in The 7th sail of Sinbad (1958) and Jason and the Argonauts (1963). Stop motion was, and still is an intricate, painstaking art in which animators pose and photograph miniature figures frame by frame. He wasnt alone. Just about every top animator or effects man today has favorite Harryhausen figurines, such as the part-rhino, pa rt-centaur Cyclops, the serpent woman, and the two-headed Roc bird from Sinbad or, from Jason, the harpies that are a nonplus between gargoyles and pterodactyls, and the seven-headed Hydra and its spawn (ILM). In traditional stop motion (still practiced by Henry Selick in marvels like The Nightmare Before Christmas and jam and the Giant Peach), the camera records a series of subtly different poses rather than actual shifting, so the resulting flow of images is inherently surreal -- ultra-sharp and jerky.

Indecision, Hesitation and Delay in Shakespeares Hamlet - Procrastinat

Hamlet the Hesitation and Indecision Is there a plausible explanation for the hesitation by Hamlet in carrying out the ghosts request in Shakespeares Hamlet? Lawrence Danson in the essay Tragic Alphabet discusses the hesitation in action by the hero this is related to his hesitation in expression To speak or act in a world where wholly speech and action are equivocal seeming is, for Hamlet, both perilous and demeaning, a kind of whoring. The whole vexed question of Hamlets delay ought, I believe, to be considered in light of this dilemma. To a man alienated from his societys most basic symbolic modes, who finds all speech and action absolute seeming and hypocritical playing, comes an imperious demand to speak and act to express himself in deed his fathers son. The ghosts stress upon rite modes indicates that the expression demanded must not be just a kind of wild justice, but an expression ordered and meaningful. Hamlets difficulties at the linguistic level his puns and antic disposition, the lack of commensurate values between him and the rest of the court are reflected in his difficulties at the level of action (72). In Acts lead and IV Problems of Text and Staging Ruth Nevo explains how the protagonist is confounded in both the prayer picture and the closet scene In the prayer scene and the closet scene his Hamlets devices are overthrown. His mastery is confounded by the inherent liability of human reason to jump to conclusions, to fail to distinguish seeming from being. He, of all people, is trapped in the fatal deceptive maze of appearances that is the phenomenal world. Never perhaps has the minds finitude been better dramatized than in the praye... ...xcerpted from Stories from Shakespeare. N. p. E. P. Dutton, 1956. Danson, Lawrence. Tragic Alphabet. new(a) Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. raw(a) York Chelsea House, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Alphabet Shakespeares Drama of Language. N. p. Yale University Press, 1974. Le vin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Nevo, Ruth. Acts III and IV Problems of Text and Staging. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Form in Shakespeare. N.p. Princeton University Press, 1972. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.

Egyptian Tombs :: World History Essays

Egyptian TombsEgyptologists had lost interest in the office of grave accent 5, which hadbeen explored and looted decades ago. Therefore, they wanted to work wayto a parking lot. However, no one would have ever known the treasure thatlay only 200 ft. from King Tuts resting place which was beyond a fewrubble strewn rooms that previous excavators had used to hold their dust.Dr. Kent Weeks, an Egyptologist with the American University inCairo, wanted to be sure the new parking readiness wouldnt destroyanything important. Thus, Dr. weeks embarked in 1988 on one finalexploration of the old dumping ground. Eventually he was able to pry opena doorstep blocked for thousands of years, and announced the discovery of alife time. We found ourselves in a corridor, he remembers. On each sidewere 10 doors and at block there was a statue of Osiris, the god of theafterlife.The tomb is mostly unexcavated and the chambers are choked withdebris, Weeks is convinced that there are more rooms on a low er level,bringing the total number to more than 100. That would make tomb 5 thebiggest and most complex tomb ever found in Egypt, and quite conceivablethe resting place of up to 50 sons of Ramesses II, perhaps the best knownof all the pharaohs, the ruler believed to have been Moses nemesis inthe book of Exodus.The Valley of the Kings, in which Tomb 5 is located, is justacross the Nile River from Luxor, Egypt. It is never exactly been off thebeaten track. Tourism has been brisk in the valley for millenniumsgraffiti scrawled on tomb walls proves that Greek and Roman travelersstopped here to gaze at the wall paintings and hieroglyphics that werealready old long before the birth of Christ. Archaeologists have beencoming for centuries too. snooze brought his own team of excavators whenhe invaded in 1798, and a series of expeditions in 19th and early 20thcenturies uncover one tomb after another. A total of 61 burial spots hadbeen found by the time the British explorer Howard Carter ope ned thetreasure-laden tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922.Britains James Burton had burrowed into the site of Tomb 5 in1820, and decided that there was nothing inside. A dismissive Carter usedits entryway as a place to dump the debris he was hauling out of Tutstomb.In the late 1980s, came the proposed parking area and Weeksconcern. His 1988 foray made it clear that the tomb wasnt dull as Burtonsaid. Elaborate carvings covered walls and referred to Ramesses II, whose

Essay --

Sleep want is a common condition that occurs if you dont involve enough kip. In case of nap deprivation people have trouble falling and staying a kip for a long period of time. In rule to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must need to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can remediation sleep deprivation. Each year at least 40 million Americans suffer from long term, persistent sleep disorders, and an additional 20 million envision occasional sleeping problems. About 60 million Americans a year have insomnia and it tends to increase with age and affects virtually 40 pct of women and 30 percent of men. It is estimated that 18 million Americas are suffering from sleep apnea, 12 million have RLS, and 250,000 are affected by narcolepsy. Adults typically need between 6 and 10 hours of sleep per 24 hour period, and most people need approximately 8 hours of sleep per daytime. Infants more often than not need about 16 hours per day whereas, teenagers require 9 hours on average. In the first 3 months of... Essay -- Sleep deprivation is a common condition that occurs if you dont get enough sleep. In case of sleep deprivation people have trouble falling and staying asleep for a long period of time. In order to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must need to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can cure sleep deprivation. Each year at least 40 million Americans suffer from long term, persistent sleep disorders, and an additional 20 million experience occasional sleeping problems. About 60 million Americans a year have insomnia and it tends to increase with age and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men. It is estimated that 18 million Americas are suffering from sleep apnea, 12 million have RLS, and 250,000 are affected by narcolepsy. Adult s typically need between 6 and 10 hours of sleep per 24 hour period, and most people need approximately 8 hours of sleep per day. Infants generally need about 16 hours per day whereas, teenagers require 9 hours on average. In the first 3 months of...

Is Equal Opportunity Really Equal :: essays papers

Is Equal Opportunity Really EqualIs tinct opportunity really equal?The civilized rights act of 1964 should be revised in order to fit into our society today. I became interested in the topic quite some period ago while working for my stepfathers small business in California. The rights protected by this act seem outdated. They include a persons freedom to seek involution wherever they wish, and use of hotels, parks, restaurants and other public places. The act also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission where anyone with a discrimination complaint can go to the commissioner and the EEOC will take the issue to court. This was established for common individuals with lack of support or lack of income, which was an important civil right at the time. It is also illegal to refuse referral to another company due to race, sex or religion. The law forbids discrimination by any computer program that receives money from the federal government. The government may cut off fi nancing for a program that does not end discriminatory practices or policies. Who was involved in instituting this act? The president at the time, John F. Kennedy, would work with Martin Luther King Jr. as well as other leaders in the African American community to bring this issue to the Senate in 1963. A year later afterward John F. Kennedys assassination, President Lyndon B. Johnson continued to support it. The law was passed after a 75-day filibuster-one of the longest in Senate history.Out of this civil rights act came the vocalize equal opportunity employment. In the publics eye this means equal consideration for employment regardless of an individuals race, color, religion, sex or national origin. These are the guidelines set up by the government for all businesses to follow. If that is true, then why is it that businesses are using the phrase equal opportunity employer as a tool in advertising to potential employees?I can recall a time when my stepfather, Alex Gabrera, pla ced an ad for another outside salesperson to add to his team of three. The ad did not have much of a description of what the job initialed but in the decline right hand corner in bold was EOE. When I asked why that was so prominent the only reason Alex could come up with was that he needed the best man for the job. Just by putting three little letters in the corner of his ad, he gave over a million readers the popular opinion that he was a fair, impartial man whom will give each and everyone a chance to go to work for him.

Essay --

Cities Reveal the Best and the Worst Poor and Poverty To be poor, in the economic sense, angiotensin-converting enzyme merely has to have a sufficiently low income relative to the national average. In this study the standard below which one is regarded as poor is layd as an annual income less than one half of the national gross domestic product - GDP per head. On this basis it is evident that to be poor is the norm in most developing countries. This fact is circumstantial if we are to target development to benefit the poor. If one further defines the poor as those who belong to ho commitholds with an annual income of half the national GDP per capita or less, we define as poor between one half and three quarters of the households of developing countries. Less developed countries the traditional measures of poverty often based on absolute and one-dimensional approaches and referring strictly to monetary variables, seem to represent a good way to describe the phenomenon. Wealth Wea lth is conventionally defined in terms of possessions and market value. One definition of wealth is Wealth which combines energy and intellect can only increase, and that wealth can increase only with use and that wealth increases as fast as it is used. By Anonymous The Worlds Best and Worst Cities There are various reasons, which can wanton away city best and worst for living. One of the prime factor is the economical conditions of the country as well as the in the region. The best condition of generosity includes, the sanitary system, transportation facilities, pollution level, rate of crime, facilities provided to the citizens of the city/country, environmental factor, population growth, countrys GDP, health and safety conditions, and literacy rate are the essential meters to approximate an... ...nd also Bern all sharing the second place. Milan, Athens and Rome were described as the least safe cities in Western Europe, while cap received the worst safety ranking in the Uni ted States. Abidjan in Ivory Coast was the worlds second most dangerous city at the termination of last year, when the survey was taken. Several other African cities were also at the very bottom of the table. Those cities posses the best human conditions can also be study as the richest and developed, and those which are worst, can be considered as the poor cities/countries. It is basically the game of wealth and poverty. The major population of the world has lack of food, health, wealth, water, education, and other necessities of life, which flip their life so miserable and worst. References http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2815105.stm http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2815625.stm

Research Paper on Organizational Structure

I would like to start by saying that any corporate organizational organise dep lay offs on the harvest-tide line and the industry in which the company operates. The companies belong to the continuum of either the functional or project organizations. Functional companies be organized around different proficient processes. The top management of such organizations is responsible for the resource allocation, with the responsibility for the final output is not being tied to one single person.The use of rules and procedures, instructions, inside information and organizational traditions among the companys management and workers is vital for the companys functioning. The proceedss belong to the noble level of specialized knowledge which is created in this organizational structure (Matteson, 53). Light weight intercellular substance organizations are functional and specialized. The product manager is usually added to this structure to coordinate the product creation and to serve as a liaison for the management-workers-customers. This new key person is used for collecting information, conflict resolution, and project objectives achievement.Product managers acquire less status and influence than functional managers, that is to say because they do not directly contact workers (Hersey, 88). Heavy weight matrix organizations possess dominant project structure and minor functional departments. The companys product manager than possesses greater reasonability while the manufacturing, and marketing concepts are return in this organization (Berger, 144). Project organizations are located on the other end of the spectrum and have the side by side(p) features teams and projects. The project workers share the same location and concentrate on the same projects.The professional workers, on the other hand are suppositional to have broader tasks and associated skills and responsibilities. In the project organizations the functional managers are responsible for the human r esource emergence and technological implementation in the functional groups. The companies passel in any case be classified according to the nature of their business and project undertaken. The projects can be characterized by the number of employees involved to perform numerous tasks, the workload on each employee. One can also classify the organizations in the following 4 categories I.The companys product is not complex and comprehensible for a single person, thus one person is likely to have enough knowledge to produce it. The companies that develop these kinds of products (shoes, clothes industry) usually have small development department. If this company has more than one individual department, then it usually structured as a functional organization as noted earlier in the essay research paper (Matteson, 57). II. The companys product is of low complexity, yet the total work is high. Such products, therefore, can be developed well-nigh efficiently within one functional depa rtment.A research department is usually the very department where this type of product is created. AS the company starts to have more departments, it would usually use the light weight matrix organizational structure to enjoy efficiency. The employees involved in this product creation are expect to work full time, and many tasks are expected to be performed simultaneously which contribute to the overall sequence design to be called Design Structure matrix (Hersey, 92). III. The companys product is of high complexity of intangible, tangible, or mechanical nature.This kind of product is still in the engineering phase, making it rather put on what needs to be done to get the product into mass production and distribution. One should use numerous skills and disciplines to create this product, and these tasks do not have high workload. It is almost impossible to cause the employees to work fulltime on the very one product, thus creating the job shop logistics situation (Schermerhorn 120) . One should not forget that manufacturing and product development is not accepted by all product managers, it still usually yield decent result.The Product development process is constantly learnt and ameliorate to remove bottlenecks and reduce the product variation. One should strain on the process rather than on the list of tasks and duties. This type of organizational structure has to follow the following three laws (Berger, 147) a. Taking smaller steps at one time usually boosts quality and effectiveness. b. Elimination of bottlenecks drastically improves productivity and efficiency. c. Elimination of variation go out remove delays and distractions and thus will free some of the corporate resources.It is of importance to note that cross functional simultaneously run engineering squads is the common set for the product development in such organizations. It would be a mistake to assign the same person to 5-6 different projects because it would result in congestion. One should not forget that by working at 100% of the product development capacity will increase the product development lead. Thus, one should deploy close 80% of the product development capacity and focus on the bottlenecks. IV. The companys product is very complex while the total work is high.These kinds of organizations direct their workers to work full time and the project organizational structure would be ideal for this very situation (Matteson, 59). Speaking about the companys strategies that are vital for the corporate survival in the long run, one should remember that they would also depend on the corporate structure and thus would be disordered down into three main categories of strategies that promote corporate values, corporate culture, corporate goals, and corporate missionary posts (Hersey, 94) Corporate level strategy encompasses all strategies and sets the companys mission and general guidelines.Functional strategies comprise Marketing strategies, financing strategies, and the strategies of each department participating in the given product development depending on the organizational structure. The focus in on mid and short term. One should remember that many companies would find it useful to use strategic business units rather than functional structure of organization to derive competitive advantage and thus govern the semi-autonomous units of organization that have their own budgeting, product development, hiring etc.Operational strategy is located on the lowest level of each organization simply because it is very narrow in focus and has daily scheduling criteria. This strategy obeys the higher level strategies present within the organization and adhere to the Management by Objectives principles (Berger, 150). Management by objectives (MBO), one should note, is the systematic scientific approach that allows the existing companies to focus on the getatable goals to reduce the costs and with the improved efficiency survive the competition.The MBO focu ses on results, rather than on the process. The MBO would delegate tasks by dictating the proper final result without the detailed roadmap of how to achieve that. MBO strives to assure that everyone in the company has clear goals and objectives that coincide with the companys goals and then by empowering others will have the goals achieved. One should still remember that MBO can fit only the knowledge-based companies.

Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground Essay

The utopian society has a long tradition in both philosophical and literary works. The image of a perfect give in ruled exclusively by principles of good and righteousness has spurred the imagination of thinkers and writers over the centuries. Perfect harmony and sublime harmony and understanding dominate this state of things where malefic is no longer known. In his famous satirical work, Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift identifies and censures the flaws inherent in hu reality nature and the general interests, prejudices and impulses that govern the human society.Although the traveler explores unknown and fantastical lands, the various societies he encounters are merely different versions of the same human geography governed by reason but also by vice. The last visit however takes Gulliver to the land of the Houyhnhnms, a utopian society that lives in absolute harmony and that does not even comprehend the notion of atrocious or deceit. It is not by accident that this ideal state is inhabited and ruled by horses endue with the power of reason while man, or the Yahoo, is a base animal that serves the Houyhnhnms.Swift shows through this utopian representation that, however miraculous the power of reason and creativity in man, it will always devalued by vice. Human nature is and will always be paradoxical while reason has the ability to reveal the truth and weigh good and evil, mans passions and instincts often prevent him from choosing good over evil. In a very different way, Fyodor Dostoevskys Notes from the Underground delivers a similar message regarding the hypothesis of a utopian human society.The crystal palace that the underground man speaks of is a symbol for the impossible, unreachable and vain ideal that the unselfishness chases. Paradoxically, the same humans despises this lofty dream because it cannot laugh at it as it would. Moreover, Dostoevsky emphasizes that humanity is not satisfied with perfect harmony and happiness, although it covets impossible dreams. Sufferance is essential to the structure of the several(prenominal) and, in Dostoevskys view, a secret wish of man. Therefore, both Swift and Dostoevsky give similar views of mankind and the impossibility of utopian states.Reason, which gives man the ability to take hold of the truth and distinguish between good and evil, will always be blinded by passion and impulses. Man is a complex and paradoxical being, endowed with a superior spirit but also with a passionate nature apt to lead him into temptations. Lemuel Gulliver travels through the world and lands on peculiar lands where the inhabitants only appear to be fantastical creatures. In fact, all of them prove to be wonderful mirroring of Swifts British contemporary society.Every state that the traveler encounters is governed by people who are the prey of numberless human impulses such as greed, prejudice, egotism, stubbornness, misconception, deceitfulness and violence. The dwarfs in Lilliput and the giants i n Brobdingnag are only two representations of humanity at a different scale. Through these two representations, Swift unmasks human vanity and malice. In both of these countries human reason is paired with cunning and vice. The nonsense(a) academies of Laputa mock the vain enterprises of the human reason to conquer nature and reality.Their complicated systems of thought and their absurd inventions and devices only serve to root them strongly in cecity and lies, keeping them farther away from the truth. At the end of the journey, the last of the stops is a utopian land that is antithetical to all the other societies the narrator has lived in. The easiness of the Houyhnhnms society and customs contrasts sharply with the complexity of the human civilization. On the one hand, man is a noble being but also a pitiful one. Man is haunted by passions and prone to subjective interpretation of life. Because of this, absolute harmony can never govern a human society.

Moot Court Essay

Jitender Sharma was a young boy of 18 years of age. He fell in love with Poonam Sharma who was a girl of 16 years of age. One day they eloped from their respective homes and finally got married as per Hindu rites and ceremonies. Poonams family members were against this marriage. Even her Grand Father and Paternal uncle were not ready to accept this marriage at any cost. They threatened Poonam of her life and safety. thereafter Poonams sire lodge First Information Report (FIR) against Jitender at Gandhi Nagar Police Station, Delhi under section 363 and section 376 of Indian Penal Code. On 05.05.2010, a typed letter gestural by Poonam was received at the Gandhi Nagar Police Station stating that she had married Jitender with her possess will and requested not to file any criminal case against Jitender.Thereafter on 07.05.2010 Jitender and Poonam were apprehended from Bilaspur in Utter Pradesh and produced before respective court. Poonam refuse to undergo any medical examination. She d id not state any thing against Jitender in her statement before the Magistrate under section 164 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Thereafter Jitender was sent to Juvenile Home. Subsequently, Poonam gave in writing that she had left her parents home by her own will and went along with Jitender. The court sent Poonam to Nari Niketan for some time. Then on 17.05.2010, Poonams custody was handed over to her Parents. Thereafter, on 15.06.2010 Jitendre was released.Subsequently, he demanded cudtody of her wife by filing writ petition in Delhi High Court. Now argue for the both side and also the law and procedure in the aforesaid matter. many the issues are listed below and are not limited to the below mentioned issues. These issues are as follows 1) Whether Jitender is lible for the kidnapping of Poonam from her legal guardian? 2) Whether the marriage is voidable under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955? 3) Whether the Jitender is liable under section 376 of I.P.C, 1960? 4) Whether Poonam must be sent with Jitender under Guardian and Wards Act, 1890?

Parmalat Accounting Scandal Essay

SummaryAfter eluding financial analysts and investors for a long time, Parmalat went demolish later in December, 2003 and many of their board of directors have been arrested since then. Here is a brief summary of the events In the late 1980s, Parmalats financial situation was myopic due to investment in side businesses. i.e. TV network, Parmatur, football teams (Palmeiras, Parma, etc). Cash siphoning through with(predicate) these companies was estimated to be total of 10 Bn. In 1990, Parmalat went public which enabled them to tap into the working capital markets. Early 1990s, the company began to acquire dairy producers around the world in order to try to hide the growing debt.Parmalat entered into a series of bond issuances and securitization of receivables to retort cash. A series of other fraudulent accounting practices occurred during the following years. In December 2003, Parmalat was not able to make a U$ 150MM bond fee and raised the attention of the entire market. When the fraud was brought up, Calisto Tanzi (Parmalat founder) and Fausto Tonna (CFO) was arrested along with another 10 individuals. Grant Thornton and Deloitte & Touch were Parmalats accounting firms during the last 2 decades. Partners of both firms were charged for fraudulent activity.Case analysis From the analysis we made, there are several items that can be appointed as accounting principle violation A) blowup of Assets Assets Selling Parmalat sold firms to private entities and individuals to re-buy it later in a fake function, as the money came from other offshore entities just to create liquidity in the books thanks to that, they could keep issuing bonds to cover their debts Accountable Receivables recognition Double billing the Italian supermarkets and other retail customers Fake bank accounts false chronicle have been created to prove the existence of 3,9 Bn cash at Bank of America. Again, with more liquidity, more easily got the loansB) Overstatement of taxations Revenu e Recognition False income sales through its offshore companiesC) Understatement of liabilities Debt eliminating Parmalat reduced approximately Euro 3.3 Bn of debt. Misclassification of liabilities describing sales of receivables as non-recourse, when the company maintained financial obligation to ensure payment.Proper accounting practices that should have been used A) Assets The firm recognizes revenue when the transaction meets both of the following conditions 1. Completion of the earnings process the seller has done all (or nearly all) that is promised to do for the customer. That is, the seller has delivered all (or nearly all) of the goods and operate it has agreed to provide 2. Receipt of assets from the customer The seller has received cash or some other asset that it can convert to cash, for example, by accumulate an account receivable Accountable receivables recognition (billing twice)In this case, Parmalat generated double accounts receivable for the same operation bill ing both, their distributors and the final customer. The revenue from the final customers was recognized on the books, but the billing for the distributors were considered as transfer and accounted for credit owed. Revenue recognition What happened here is that the seller never done what was written in the books, as the operation never existed and customer never received the goods.B) LiabilitiesDebt Eliminating Parmalat eliminated paid down debt by a series of capital market transactions, mainly bond issuances and sale of receivables. These financial support transactions were made possible by overstating their assets. Misclassification of liabilities Parmalat misclassified the financing transaction of selling their receivables. Although, Parmalat sold its receivables (assets) to financial institutions/investors, they were not a true non-recourse sale and Parmalat maintained obligation to ensure that the receivables were ultimately paid, therefore Parmalat should have classified thi s financing as a liability.

Operations management at Oregon facility Essay

There are a number of problems in the operations at the surgery Facility which significantly impacts on its production. These problems include growing internal pressure for a new distribution facility in the Pacific Northwest. As well, at that place are quality related problems in Nebraska as well as material and inventory handling problems which in like manner lead to an increase in production cost.Despite customer service being a very important aspect in the positive growth of any company, the facility is also coupled with customer service problems within its distribution locations where most customers end up wasting a lot of time in picking up their products. All these problems have since led to a decline in the performance. These problems have their significance in that they trigger the divisional research and engineering departments located at these facilities to provide internal consultation for the divisional research and engineering groups.Therefore these departments are m otivated to look into the matter thus they can also appoint other looming problems before they arise. (Mason & Jablokow, 2006, pp. 78-82). Another significance of the problems encountered in all the three facilities is that these problems enable the use of operation management tools geared towards improving the existing problems by developing ways that lead to significant changes and these impact on the whole facility at large not just the areas facing problems. (Simester, 2006).Solving the same problems at the T, P and S facilities, will subsequently lead to relative benefits that may subsequently arise. These benefits include the realization of increased performance for the capacity. Increase in their performance may also result to lower production costs and in turn this may also lead to fair prices that may win the consumers. (Pearson, 2007). Solving the customer service problems means that the customer satisfaction will be raised. When customers are satisfied they are likely to keep on purchasing products from the Oregon facility and this will increase the facilitys sales volumes.

Mattel Toy Recalls

Mattel, Inc. is the largest toy fellowship in the world. This largest toy political party in the world was founded by Harold Matson and Elliot Handler in 1945, as they beated to produce picture frames. However it was Elliott Handler who had a visionary of a side business in boohouse furniture out of the converted garage (Mattel). As a top company, the primary activities of Mattel are to design, manufacture, and market the toys. As the companys gross sales growing slowly, Mattel started to produce varieties of high quality products and became one of the of the best toy companies around the nation at the time.The major move by Mattel was when it sponsored Walt Disneys rice paddy Mouse fraternity television show that put the company in spotlight and companys sales increased significantly. That sponsorship of Mickey Mouse Club helped the company to attract a rattling high proportion of young potential customers. In 1959, the wife of Elliot Handler, Ruth Handler came up with an ou tstanding view that changed Mattel forever. As Ruth Handler watched her daughter playing with paper dolls, she suggested the idea of make three dimensional dolls to her husband.Elliott loved the idea of making such dolls and introduced the doll with a full wardrobe and accessories to the market. The doll initially named after the nick name of daughter of Elliott and Ruth. The introduction of the new doll was a huge succeeder for Mattel and immediately the doll became the major product line of Mattel (Finding). With the success of Barbie doll, Mattel was named a public company and ranked soon as one of the largest industrial companies in the joined States. In 1968, Mattel have introduced an new(prenominal) consumer-loved product called Hot Wheels. This was second biggest hit since the company introduced Barbie.Hot Wheels immediately labeled Mattel as the largest toy company in the world. As the toy industry was changing and new competitors were coming in, Mattel saw a stiff competi tion rising in the mid 1980s. Like other companies in the toy industry, Mattel faced a stiff from the electronic entertainment. The electronic entertainment introduced many electronical videos games in which children switched to at an increasing young age from the traditionalistic entertainment. To cope up with the competition and attract the new generation, Mattel decided to expand into technology by producing lectronic gaming products. Mattel failed to attract a high proportion of consumers, and were uneffective to fit in with the new strategy as there were new competitors producing electronic games with lower prices. Later, Mattel decided to focus on producing the core products of the company. This strategy to focus on the core products and makeover some of the core products was a great success for Mattel. For example, after doing makeover, in 1988 to 1993, the sales of Barbie doll increased to $ 1 Billion dollars from $430 one thousand thousand dollars (Sansweet).As Mattel is known for making most of its own products in their owned manufacturing facilities, the company owned and operated 10 manufacturing plants worldwide. Half of the manufacturing plants are located in China (Jiangyong). Since Mattel started its business, the company produced its products mostly in developing countries to take the advantage of cheap manufacturing costs. Unthe likes of many toy companies, Mattel produced 70% to 80% of its products in their own manufacturing facilities. The company believed that making products in-house allow for be more stable and high efficient products.According to Mattel, in-house facilities have high standard safety measures and high quality control that produce high-quality products. as swell making most of its products in Mattels own manufacturing facilities, some of its production was outsourced to China and other developing countries in enounce to focus on interior(prenominal) strategic efforts such as Research and Development and Marketin g. However these outsourcing products were non efficient as products were made in in-house facilities. These outsourcing products were less stable and not as efficient.Many times these products needs to be recalled as they do not meet the safety standards and tend to hurt the image of a well-known organization like Mattel. Therefore, Mattels strategy was to focus on making most of its core products at their own manufacturing facilities, and outsource the products that are less popular and non-core. Due to outsourcing to other developing countries, the toy industry faced many hardships. The products that are made in developing countries that had substandard quality control were recalled many times payable to the safety reasons.Mattel too faced a stiff pressure from the government and consumers for the products that were not safe and stable which are made in manufacturing facilities in China. Recently, Mattel recalled some(prenominal) of its products because they were not safe for consumers. Recalling millions of products, not only reduced the total revenues of the company, as well as it hurt the companys image at the like time. Mattel had been always trusted by its consumers for making providing its consumers high-quality products and stable products.The recalls that are connected with lead paint made by Mattels lont-time manufacturers. These manufacturers are responsible for not having strong safety regulations and not complying with the quality control within the organization. The manufacturer, Early Light Industrial, was responsible for the second major recall of about 1 million toys. The manufacturer had more than 200 employees to inspect if the contractors were complying with safety regulations, but none of them were stationed on-site to inspect the products. Failure to inspect the products left the company with rooms or errors.In order to understand a companys situation, financial statements are very important. Financial statements allow you to see the companys performance, financial condition, and financial trend. By examining financial statements of Mattel, we can clearly foresee where the company is heading financially. Looking at ROA and PM, both ROA and PM increasing year to year from 2005 to 2007 which is very good news for Mattel. Despite the recalls, Mattels total revenue is still increasing year to year. These analyses clearly show that Mattel is performing very well in making profits.Some of the key financial highlights of Mattel recorded below Selected Financial Highlights of Mattel, Inc. YEAR 2007 2006 2005 Net Sales 5,970. 09 5,650. 16 5179. 02 Cost of Sales 3,192. 79 3,038. 36 2,806. 15 Net Income 599. 9 492. 93 417. 02 Total Assets 4805. 46 4955. 88 4372. 31 ROA (%) 12. 4 9. 5 9. 53 PM (%) 10. 4 8. 72 8. 05 Firm dodge One of the Mattels primary strength is that the company is the leading brand named leading toy company in the toy industry. Ever since Mattel started its business, the company always produced high -quality and consumer-loved products. Mattel has plenty of name brands products that are very popular among the customers. Mattels brand name recognition stared in 1959 when the company first introduced the famous doll, Barbie.Other products, Hot Wheels, black cat Price, and NASCAR also are very popular products and behind the huge success of Mattel. In order to continue making the high-quality products Mattels main focus is to maintenance doing what the company is doing and find out what the customers want and desire by research and development. Mattels main goal is to maximize production efficiency while minimizing the risks, compulsory expenses, and maintaining flexibility. In order to focus on that strategy, Mattel has decided to use the third party manufacturers to produce its non-core products.Slowly, Mattel has been moving its manufacturing to countries like China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, and many other developing countries. As Mattel has contracts with thousand of ven dors in those countries, the company does not need to rely on a single manufacturer. However, this strategy may not convey quality toast of the products and also raise concerns over safety regulations. Due to substandard safety measures revolving toy designing and manufacturing in China, Mattel has been facing some tough challenges.During 2007, Mattel has made five dollar bill recalls of over 21 million toys are made in China due to the excessive lead paints on toys and having loose magnets that normally impose jeopardy to the children while playing with them. These loose magnets and lead paint can easily be consumed by the children. These recent recalls started to hurt the image of the company and as well as the reputations of the company. Sales in some areas started declining, however, the total revenues of the company is increasing than the previous year.Possible Options As we have detected causes of the problems, we need to come up with alternate solutions to solve the probl ems. There are some alternative strategies Mattel can apply in order to stay on the of the toy industry. Possible alternatives include build strategy, and manufacturing in United States. Option 1 Rebuilding Strategy Mattel should focus on restoreing strategy. The company needs to rebuild the consumer trust in toys, rebuild the trust of the industry, and as well as the trust of China.Accountability and responsibility required strongly to repair the image. Denial and accusations go forth just hurt the image of the company more as it could bring counter attack by the accused. Option 2 Manufacturing in United States Mattel may decide to move its manufacturing back to United States as they are facing many problems in overseas countries. However, this strategy will be really costly to Mattel financially. Also, it will harm the relationship with foreign countries. Therefore, rebuilding strategy is strongly recommended. Recommendations and ImplementationsDuring the crisis management, ac countability and responsibility is very important to maintain the reputations and sales of the company. Admit the wrongdoing, instead of throwing blame on China. Blaming China will just hurt the relationship with the Government China. Mattel, Inc. is also required to change its strategy to address the concerns in design, manufacturing, quality control, and safety assurance of the products. In order to implement the rebuilding strategy, Mattel needs to take some of the important steps. The company needs to be open and truthful.Confess to wrongdoing is a great tool to start re-establishing the trust. The company also needs to focus on communicating with the consumers to address their needs. For better standard safety measures, Mattel should hire a third party for abrupt inspections of the products in manufacturing facilities. The company should maintain its current strategy and continue outsourcing in China where it could focus on expanding product lines. The company may also incorp orate with established manufacturing facilities where they have standard quality control and strong safety measures.Most importantly, the company needs to focus on more modifying the safety operations in facilities by inspecting standards of production and examining the materials that are supplied by third-parties. October 26, 2010 Robert D. Katz Ishaque Mohammed Ibrahim Mattels Case Memo Executive Summary California-based Mattel, Inc. is well-known to the world for making the high-quality and brand-name recognized products. Recently, the Mattel Company recalled millions of products that are mostly made in China for the safety concerns that raised many questions about the sustainability of the companys products.Due to these recent recalls, now Mattel is totally aware of the perils of manufacturing in developing countries, where the safety measures and working environment were totally unacceptable. The purpose of this case analysis is to understand the problems that occurred and how Mattel will come to solutions to solve them. This case analysis will review the problems Mattel is facing, analyze firm strategy by using SWOT, and recommend alternative strategies to solve the problems and best way for Mattel to proceed successfully in the future.

Google’s Channel Strategy

Googles corporate turn upline can be divided into four segments Product and Marketing strategy, contention strategy, Growth strategy, and Financial strategy. Google has a strategic orientation of immediate policy focus, for example, the companys concern for competition associated matters. In other words, Google is more given over to find the need to beat rivals rather than being held up with a strategic policy. Therefore, product orientation strategy has an immense predisposition to identify faults and berth of rivals and getting in there to diminish the competition.They are also highly focused on which segments of the mass market are neglected and would afford their products. This includes whether to extend in a certain region or pull out of an area due to failure to achieve set goals. The marketing strategy is influenced by the approach of product placement. Google would like to make the glasses accessible to every unmatched. It is a device that can be used by the mass market and Google has the place setting and tools to market successfully to those targets. They want to make it usable for all groups and that means making the device simple and easy to use.Googles growth is immensely mount and is directly associated with the managing of client relations. Googles made a great choice to grow through their customers because their technological capabilities such as detection of bad practices, customer feedback, information management and result analysis have improved greatly through staying connected to a loyal customer base. Through the eyes of the customer, Google has grow through invigorated products and services such as Google Calendar, Groups, Gmail, Docs, Mobile, Maps, Blogger, and more that have all successfully given the customers their satisfaction.Their growth ties in with their devotion to focus on the user and having all else follow. Google knows that they are a Search Company first. This means that Google recognizes what they are best at, and to do that one thing, which is to solve search problems, to the best of their aptitude and focus mainly on that. Secondly, they try to improve in the areas that they are somewhat weak in. But this doesnt mean they lose focus of their strategy of putting their strengths first and improving them to such a degree to grow an everlasting competitive advantage. Googles distribution objective is to increase exposure to the short letter markets.We forget be exclusively dealing because it encourages marketing support. We will be able to work with another company in getting the product out there and making it known while Google doesnt have to bear the whole burden. It also allows Google to be a step ahead of its competitors in having a big retailer to sell through and having them only committed to Google. This gives Google a great advantage over their competitors and separates Google from their competitors. There are three main goals for distribution. First, Google will have functioning marketing enchants within 1 year after launch.This will allow them to transport and store goods as well as gather information and market research in order to plan and assist in exchange. Second, Google will urinate market share in the consumer cellphone phone market within 2 years. From this, Google then poses a challenge towards its competitors by offering a better performance through introducing an innovative new product and gaining a competitive edge. The last goal is that Google Glasses becomes the dominant business communication tool within 3 years. Its a one of a kind product as or right now and getting a head start allows Google to achieve this objective.Their strategy for differentiation is to gain direct access to business clients to support distribution goals. With goals come key issues that affect the attainment thereof. Google has to create relationships with its channel members. They need to have cooperation and collaboration to create synergy. Along with this, prope r training and execution of sales force to target business market needs to be implemented. Creating such a motivating channel member force will only bring positive rewards towards making this product a success and accomplishing our goal to get it in the hands of those that Google is pursuing.

Observation Performed at Atascadero Lake Park

This paper lead include observations of interactions between other children that appeared to be in his respective age group as wellspring as children of the opposite sex and In most cases youthfulnesser and ripened. Through the use of Piglets theory of child development and other resources I will compare the childs development as compared to other children In his age die hard, as well as ascertaining and conveyance of title the parenting entitle that I spy during this magazine.Observation of a 3 Year Old Boy Upon arriving at the house decorator Lake Park I positioned myself at a bench close to the wanton area. This area Included umteen of the usual types of equipment that one old expect to see at a park that Is frequented by young children. Clearly most of the play equipment was of modern construction and design and It being a beautiful joyful solar day, the park was full of children of various(a) ages and stages of development.The child I observed primarily was a manl ike rough three to four long time of age and was very active during the time he was at play. He appeared to be at a normal state of development upon my initial observation and this point was scarce confirmed as I continued to watch Children between the ages of three and four typically whirl more rhythmically and re able to easily go from a walk to a run, they stomach and are more able to throw and catch object much more effectively, essentially thither gross motor skills advance (Beer).Children in this age range besides exhibit improvement with their hand most motor skills that allow them to use zippers and eating u cardinalsils much more effectively (Beer). The young male child I was ob helping displayed an excellent major power to climb and run, his balance and depth perception seemed to be very entrance for this age range. There were firearmy other children of various contrasting ages and sexes at the park as well as the child that I was observing. He seemed especially adept at interacting with many of the other children.Although in that respect were many different toys and pieces of equipment to play on I also observed several of the children pretending that they were on a ship at sea or performing in the circus, according to Pigged this is crack of the available stage which represents a stage of development that usually occurs Detente ten ages AT two Ana seven (Plague, EYE). i AT ten most villous attributes of this stage is the extraordinary increase in representational, or symbolic, activity (Pigged, 1951). Pigged matte that gather believe play was an excellent way for hillier to strengthen newly acquired representational schemes (1951).The child that I was observing seemed to have excellent manual dexterity, he was able to swing from bar to bar on the Jungle gym with ease. He was able to climb up and down the various ladders and chain ropes, travel by dint of the many openings of the mock tree house that had been provided by the des igners of this grouchy park. One of the longest periods of time he spent on one task was during his time in the sand box. He pore a slap-up deal on building what appeared to be a pyramid or some material body of castle.The focus the he exhibited on the end result, I found to be remarkable, however formerly he had made the decision that it met his expectations he made it a point to not only undo what he had been painstakingly working on for the better part of forty minutes he also smoothed over the area that he had been working, almost seeming to be concerned that there was no visible evidence remaining. There was a great deal of interaction between the young man and his peers he seemed to have no issue with the sex of the other child, however I did observe at one point that he was holding the hand of a girl who appeared to be around the akin GE as he.He appeared to be attempting to persuade her to Join him on the swings. She however was not interested in that particular activi ty. She actually looked as if she valued to leave the sandy area of the playground and move onto the low-down which would have involved navigating a small step up. When the girl attempted to step up she tripped, causing the boy made a valiant attempt to stop her from falling, to no avail. He was however triple-crown in aiding her to stand back up and helped to bush of the sand. I will say from that point antecedent the girl was not as eager to hold his and as she communicately felt that was what had caused her to fall.After observing this boy for some time it became clear that he was there with two other children. One a male that was junior than he and the other a female that looked to be approximately four to five years old. In addition after hearing some discussion I was able to ascertain that these children were there with the boys mother and grandmother. Although I did not witness any direct disciplinary steps taken by either of the adult authority figures it was clear th at both of the adults were very engaged in what the children were doing.However they allowed the children to lay on the various types of equipment and really only became involved with specific instructions if it seemed that any of the children were considering leaving the immediate play area. I really felt that the adults were allowing the children to explore and engage in whatever activity they so ingest provided it was not an activity that could potential cause harm. In this particular case on this particular day the parental figure was clearly exhibiting the authoritative method of child rearing.According to Beer the authoritative child rearing style is the most successful approach that involves high acceptance and involvement, which includes adaptive control techniques and appropriate autonomy granting (up. 260-261). Although I had only a few opportunities to hear conversations between the adult figure and the child I was serving It was clear Tanat communication was Tree Toolin g In ten sense Tanat when the boy denotative what he wanted to do the parent was very responsive to the idea.The youngest of the three children in this group began to have some sort of issue with being unable to navigate the low hanging swing bridge. Subsequently he began to gripe which then turned into a fully fledged protest. The boy that I was observing immediately came to his young peers assistance. He was able to hold onto the younger child allowing him to make it across and back. This show of empathy which becomes an important part of proboscis and altruistic behavior, according to Beer empathy becomes more common in early childhood and typically preschoolers depone more on words to communicate empathic feelings. (p. 60). In this particular case it was clear that the older boy was in fact talking the younger child through the necessary steps in order to successfully traverse this bridge. This boy seemed especially adept with social interaction and seemed able to move room situation to situation with ease and was comfortable engaging with children of different sexes, ages and points in development. In some instances he seemed to almost make a point to become involved with all of the groups of children. Additionally he appeared to make a point to try to include some other children that were more focused on solitary activities.This I found to be almost deliberate, it seemed that not only was he concerned that a few of the children were playing alone, he persisted in his invitation to Join the other children even when the lone wolf expressed no or very little desire to participate in any group activity. equivalence the child that I was observing to several of the other children that appeared to be in his approximate age range his development seemed to be at least comparable and in some cases further along that the others.With regards to his ability to communicate with the others as well as his ability to move from group to group with a great deal of eas e he exhibited an excellent ability to vacillate between appropriate energy levels and candid volume that would be appropriate to the circumstances to which he was about to enter. This displayed to me that the child was experienced with many different types of play or social situations and was able to differentiate each situation without disrupting the other childrens focus.This was in clear contrast to several of the other children of the same approximate age that clearly felt it was necessary to make a grand entrance. The amount of time that I spent observing this childs adeptness to navigate through a fairly complicated social playing field displayed how impressive this ability truly was. During the final exam thirty minutes of my time at the park I really tried to focus on pavement and physical acuity. The boy tended to focus much of his attention on the Jungle gym equipment.This particular apparatus offered many types of activities, slides, rope swings, monkey bars, which this particular child seemed especially skilled in, also various ladders of different shapes and moving in multiple directions. I can assure you this was not the park toys of my younger days. The equipment at this park seemed well designed offering the children many different opportunities to discover any privy acrobatic skills that they may be harboring.All in all this observation made it clear that this young child, this boy of three or four years old, was agile and energetic, had clearly been exposed to many types of social solutions, Ana parents Tanat succeeded to ten autonomy tattle style Ana was developing both physically and cognitively at an appropriate level. In my opinion in many cases he was a bit advanced compared to other children that I observed during my time at Decorator Lake Park. The one thing that impressed me the most was his ability to socialize, to communicate and as yet seem to really enjoy his time at the park.

Cari Story Essay

How can an infection in Cari os nasale passages and pharyns spread into her sinuses? The infection in Caris nasal passages and pharynx was able to spread into her sinuses due to the sinuses macrocosm a drainage bea for the nasal passages. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Caris respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. The cough reflex is used to clear sputum and irritants that are in the nasal passages and pharynx. There are cilia in her trachea that is moving mucous secretion up from the lungs. When the mucus becomes or abundant it triggers the cough reflex. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Caris lungs from pathogenic pathogens and particulate matter matter? Macrophages found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli that normally would protect Caris lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter. How would the resistance of Caris airways be affected by excess mucus and peregrine in her lung? superfluous mucus and placid in the lungs would raise the resistance of Caris airways because of the small diameter the buildup would cause.The fluid would exhaust some of alveoli under water where they could not function properly and there would also be more friction from the buildup. How would Caris lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli make with fluid due to pneumonia? Lung compliance would increase from trying to force gases into and out of the alveoli. Those are filled with fluid due to the pneumonia. How would fluid in Caris lung affect her total lung capacity? Fluid in Caris lungs would lower her total lung capacity by not allowing the space that is taken up by the fluid to be filled with air. How does the elevation of Caris respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation system? raising in her respiratory rate would alter her minute ventilation by raising it. Minute ventilation is determined by times ing respirato ry rate by total volume. Normal blood atomic number 8 saturation levels are greater than 94 percent Caris blood oxygen saturation level was 90 percent at the time of her exam and an initial arterial blood gas analysis make when she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial Po2 was 54mmhg. How do these clinical finding relate to the internal respiration in cari form?

Guns germs and steel

There may be personal information you command considered as part of your admissions application. Write an essay describing that information. You might include exceptional harms, ch al unriv altogetheredenges, or opportunities that take a crap mold or impacted your abilities or academic credentials, personal responsibilities, exceptional achievements or talents, educational goals, or slipway in which you might contribute to an institution committed to creating a diverse learning environment. In all honesty, I havent really endured many hardships.In fact, I see them more(prenominal) than as entrances, or sometimes plane opportunities that I could easily take on, avoid or Just non think of them with the knowledge that they impart go away in time. My childhood, as well as my early middle school years, were worn- reveal(a) in the very northern part of Georgia, only two hours from the capital, Atlanta. During the summer, in 2009, the recession had hit my family hard, so my dad, seeing no way to continue living the way we did, decided to fly the coop our family to Texas, where the workload and the advantage were better, not to mention that we would be near family.You bottom of the inning only imagine how I felt deviation everything I k hot behind to venture into the unknown. The first few months were difficult in Kathy, Texas. I was thrown into a situation where everything was different from what I k b ar-ass, or grew up learning. The tidy sum, the surroundings, the whole concept make me nervous of starting time a reinvigorated life in this small town. I didnt know how to talk to people, who were expressive and unfrightened to speak their minds to someone new, whereas I remained silent through a discussion. I did not know how to candid up to them like I would now with other people.The first ay, I nearly broke toss off into tears due to how badly I wanted my friends beside me. I had to sit alone at tiffin on that first day, since no one knew who I was. The scene was turning into something from a movie where the new kid from Africa eats alone in the bathroom because she had no friends to sit with. I had no sentiment how the kids who constantly moved everywhere in the states did it. Over a year later though, I had gotten utilise to the place. I found that I really liked it better in Kathy rather than in Georgia, and I made some good close friends who defined themselves from those sack in the Peach state.They were my special people. However, my have had once again decided to move our family further s appearh to the ROI Grandee Valley after concluding that he did not like it in Kathy. Albeit it was better than Georgia, it was not good enough for him. I had been excited to move again, mostly for the reason that my dad made McAllen seem like a glorious city. When we arrived later on late summer of 2010, I had been horrified at the dramatic change of living. I had made it quite clear with the years that followed of how I tested the place, not because of how bad it looked on the outside, because of how different McAllen was from Kathy or Georgia.WAY different. piteous to the Valley, I discovered that I was a city girl. I wanted to visit the many malls in Houston (the Valley only had one good mall) and to go to the park without worry of smell outing uncomfortable. I apply to love to walk. I heard my p atomic number 18nts constantly warning me of strangers, but it never dawned on me on how skilful it was until I moved here. Four years have passed since we moved to McAllen, well, Parr actually. I still dislike this place. I faced the problems of being in a new school again, however, this time wasnt as scary as it was a year earlier.I was barely starting high school and everyone basically saw a new face they did not know, so it was bearable, but that did not mean that I was not nervous as I was back in Kathy. Here, I also made new friends. They werent like those in Kathy or in the Peach State, but I still l iked them. However, I didnt find myself really disposition the SAA district, so my parents transferred me to the STIES district school, BETA. Honestly, I wished I had gone there sooner. Sure, the school had ajar flaws, like in every other one, but I have made some really awesome friends who made the months seem like days, and years like only a few weeks.These friends were so different from those in SAA. Sure, everyone belonged to a different clique, but we were our own unique clique of weird, stressed out, goofy girls, which was soma of different from other schools that Vive gone to, as I wasnt part of one clique. No division how different or similar each situation was in my life, they all taught me one thing how to stilt with it. Moving has taught me so many things, like being rounded with new people and how to properly superintend with the new environment. I have actually learn that I like moving around and how mobile I adjust to it, which can hopefully come in handy later. I know what its like to move, and I have met different types of people, from different sociable classes, and ways of living from around the domain. I have learned bit by bit from each and every one. I dont consider moving a hardship as I once did, but more of an opportunity to see new places, meet new people and experience different types of things like food or ways of thinking, and I m undisputable that whenever I or other person from somewhere economically and politically different moves in, I am able to help adjust and see to it that they or even I do not feel uncomfortable.I have gradually learned other things about myself, small things that make me who I am, and though I am content with some, I am determined to change others for the better. I hope, if I go as well University which requires me to live in a new place, that I will not cry or giant out when my family is far away. Instead, I will keep calm and be certain that more idyllic things will come later, when I finally adjust.Guns Germs and Steel1. Yalis question Why is it that you white people highly-developed so such(prenominal) loading and brought it to New Guinea but we black people had trivial cargo of our own? 2. Diamond rewords the question as History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among people environment not because of biological differences among peoples themselves. 3. Jared Diamond analyzes several factors that he believes contributed to the populateing balance of the worlds resources. In order to answer Yalis question, he speculates about the role of geography, engine room, cultural diffusion, agriculture, culture and biology. . The Maori evolved differently because of population and leadership differences. The Maori conquered the Moriori due to its advanced weapons and technology and the Moriori lost due to its lack of leadership and simple weapons. 5. Population density affected economies because the more people there are the more thing s you need such as food. It also affected social complexness because it easier to control smaller populations. With more people you need more control over things for decisions which goes with political makeup 6.Atahualpa was the last ruler of the Inca Empire of pre-Columbian South America to exercise power independent of Spanish control. Francisco Pizarro and a small group of Spanish soldiers captured Atahualpa. In a vain attempt to save Atahualpa, his subjects assembled one of the largest ransoms in history, an estimated $30 million worth of gold and silver. 7. Pizzarro completely surprised and overwhelmed Atahualpas empire Pizzarro had guns germs and nerve where the Incas didnt. Pizzarro also had horses that terrified the Incas having never seen it.Pizzarro also had a written language and the Incas did not. 8. Availability of more expendable calories means more people equals strength of numbers. Domestic animals fed people by furnishing meat, milk, and fertilizer and by animal labor. Animals and crops also provide warmth and tools. 9. These areas are Southwest Asias Fertile Crescent, China, Mesoamerica, the Andes and possibly the Amazon Basin, and easterly United States. 10. These areas are Sahel, tropical West Africa, Ethiopia, and New Guinea. 11. These areas were western and central Europe, Indus valley, and Egypt. 12.The only hunter-gatherers to continue to exist were those who were separated geographically or lived in areas not fit for food producing. One theory of wherefore people first started producing food was just as a back-up plan. Another theory is that there are different factors in different parts of the world that caused the decision to move to farming. 13. A plant is to be domesticated when its native characteristics are altered such that it cannot grow and reproduce without human intervention. 14. Because Different factors in different parts of the world caused the decision to move to farming. 5. Some plants need to be pollinated by anoth er plant, but some mutant plants are self-pollinating. These self pollinating plants would also be picked and eventually wipe out the non self-pollinating plants. 16. Eurasia 17. Three advantages were the climate of the Fertile Crescent was wet in the winters and dry in the summers, origin crops were already very productive and fruitful, and many of the crops that inhabited the Fertile Crescent were self-pollinating. 18. For one the continent contained the largest come of wild mammals.Another reason is that Eurasia has had the least extinction in the last 40,000 years. In other parts of the world large mammals were not as readily available for domestication. 19. Diamond gives six reasons why diet, growth rate, and problems of jailed breeding, nasty disposition, tendency to panic, and social structure. 20. The Americas and Africa both have a north-south axis plot of ground Eurasia has a west-east axis. It is because west-east regions partake in the same length of day, same types of seasons, same indispositions, and same aspects of climate such as rainfall and habitat.Trade open farther west east than it did north south. 21. Plants moved from north to south or vice-versa were not make to endure the different climates, times of day, and etc. Domestic animals could not fight off the new types of disease and climate as well. 22. Genetically some people have developed immunity to certain diseases or illnesses through generations of repeated exposure. The small populations cant fight outside epidemics, and cant evolve their own because they are nearly wiped out every time, therefore the epidemic disappears. 3. Blueprinting copying- when you copy or modify an available detailed blueprint. Idea Diffusion-when you obtain little more than the basic idea and have to try to do it yourself. 24. If kings limited writing they can better control the masses and there is a smaller chance of and uprising. 25. Invention is often the bring forth of necessity which means t hat many inventors created things out of curiosity rather than because of need. In other words, they made a product before there was a demand for it 26.The factors are economic advantage of new technology, social value and prestige, vested interest, and ease of observing advantages. 27. Factors are peaceful trade, espionage, emigration, and war. 28. Behavior became lethal in the presence of idyl soldiers ungracefully blasting away with guns. Eventually reduced government orders for guns until japan was almost without functional guns. 29. sedentary living was decisive for the history of technology, because it enabled people to accumulate non-portable possessions. 30. Bands are the smallest societies lack many types of institutions that other societies have.They are so small because the region they live in lacks the resources for large societies. Next is the tribe, being a little larger. Tribes are large enough where they can have separate clans. Next is Chiefdoms, which contain dif ferent lineages, and have many jobs that were often filled by captured slaves. Chiefdoms had a redistributive economy in which the chief received all the goods and then spread it back out among all the people. States have many more slaves and are support by a political and territorial basis, not one of kinship and heredity. 1. There are quadruplet reasons why large societies must have complex centralized government. Secondly is the growing possibility of communal decision making with increasing population size. Thirdly involves economic reasons of differentiating talents and transfer of goods. The final consideration is that larger societies have denser populations 32. One reason is because of early extinction of large wild fauna in the Americas, while in Eurasia there were a variety of wild animals for domestication. Agriculture is another reason.Eurasia also had much more variety of domestic able plants. Those parts of the Americas that did have agriculture were lacking in prote in. It was also much less successful because they did not have the labor animals that Eurasia did. Germs, metal, military technology, and power to operate machinery were all more reasons that Eurasia had such an advantage over the Native Americans. 33. Those parts of the Americas that did have agriculture were lacking in protein. 34. These were blacks, whites, African Pygmies, Khoisan, and Asians. 35. Iron tools and agriculture

AP Biology Photosynthesis Lab

Photosynthesis is affected by lighting intensity, pee, and temperature. Plants grow more abundantly because the weather is warm. coulomb Dioxide given off by animals is consumed by plants that replace the oxygen animals take it. Experimentation will tending understanding how plants are vital because of the oxygen they release. If riffle disks in the experiment release oxygen, they will undergo photosynthesis and float. If there is no temperature buffer of water, the higher temperature will cause more snap disks to float at a faster swan. (Experiment Central)MethodsThis lab required 100 ml of water, 3 grams of cook soda, several leaves, a single hole punch, a plastic syringe with a removable stopper, a beaker large bounteous to hold 100+ ml of liquid, a beaker large enough to block out the prior, a light fixture, and a thermometer.This experiment began by preparing 100 ml of bicarbonate solution for each trial. To do this, 3g of baking soda was dissolved into 100ml of water. The bicarbonate served as an alternate dissolved source of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Then 12 leaflet disks (leaf chads) were cut for each trial. Single hole punches were used to cut these out. The disks were then placed in the bottom of an empty syringe. As the syringe filled with the bicarbonate solution, the leaf disks were immersed in the solution. A dactyl was placed over the opening of the syringe, and as the plunger was pulled down it created suction. The goal of this step was to create a vacuum, so the empty air pockets in the leaf chads that made them buoyant were filled with water (so they would sink).The disks were poured intothe 100ml solution, and sank to the bottom. The temperature of the water was recorded. A heat buffer that consisted of a larger beaker filled with water was placed in surrounded by the solution and the light fixture, and the light was then turned on. Over the course of 8 minutes the leaf chads underwent photosynthesis and began to float ba ck to the surface of the water. The number of blow disks was recorded each minute and then the functioning was repeated without the heat buffer. While being repeated without the heat buffer, the temperature was checked every minute and recorded.Data and ResultsConclusionsThe rate of photosynthesis was measured by floatation of leaf disks when oxygen was released. The hypothesis was non supported because the leaf disks did not float at a higher rate when the temperature was slightly higher. Figure 1 shows this because the rate of floating leaf disks did not increase as predicted. The change in heat did not affect the tally of floating leaf disks, perhaps due to a large margin of error. The margins for error include the clumps of leaf disks, too much water in the buffer, too many air pockets in the leaves and not having stronger temperatures. A follow up experiment would test the same leaf disks with a stronger heat source. This follow up would most likely support the current hypo thesis.

Use Case Narrative: Enrollment System

An E-commerce Website role representative give ear Search and browse products ID US-I Priority High promoter Shopper Description This use fictitious character describes a shopper who searches and browses products. Trigger A shopper is looking for a specific product. Trigger Type External Preconditions 1 . The shopper is knowledgeable about the product he/she is looking for. 2. The website is available. 3. The advert and purchaser business relationship databases are streetwise and online. dominion Course 1. 0 Search and browse products and select product to purchase 1 .The shopper pacifies the socio-economic class of the item and the item itself to be searched. 2. The establishment verifies that the item is available. 3. The corpse generates all the products matching the search request. 4. The shopper selects a product and trusts to place it in a go-cart. 5. The brass asks the shopper to log in. (Alternative Course 1 . 1) 6. The shopper logs in his/her emptor grudge. 7. The system verifies the account. 8. The shopper adds the product to cart. Information for travel Search Criteria incline of approved ads Buyer fib List of Buyer Accounts bare-ass Cart Entry Modified Cart Alternative Courses 1.The shopper doesnt already have a buyer account. (branch at grade 5) 1. The shopper registers his/her desired surname and password. 2. The system verifies if the surname is even available. AAA. The surname is still available. AAA. The shopper has created a buyer account. Return to Normal Course Step 6. 5. B. The surname already exists. B. The system asks the shopper if he wants to continue registration or non. B. 1 The shopper wants to continue registration. B. 1 Return to Alternative course 1. 1 stair 1 B. 2 The shopper cancels the request. B. 2 The system terminates the use case.Surname and Password List of Buyer Surnames fresh Buyer Account Request for re-registration Cancellation Postpositions 1 . One or more products are added to the shoppers c art. 2. Cart has been modified. 3. The unregistered shopper has created a buyer account. Exceptions El Search request returns no result. (occurs at step 2) 1 . The system displays the core inform search did not match any records. Try another search. . 2. The system starts Normal Course again. E Buyer Account is not valid. (occurs at step 7) 1 . The system displays the message inform surname and password is not valid. transport re-enter your surname and password. . E Account inputted is not a Buyer Account. (occurs at step 7) 1. The system displays the message inform account is a marketer Account. Please enter a Buyer Account. . 2. Return to Normal Course step 5. Summary Inputs Source Outputs goal Request for re-registration or Cancellation Shopper Active Advertisement Database Buyer Account Database Cart Database Use Case Name Purchase products online ID US-2 histrion Buyer Description This use case describes a buyers purchase of product(s) on his/her cart online. Trigger A buyer wants to buy a product. . The buyers account is authenticated. 2. The buyer account database 3. One or more products are in the cart. 4. The buyer has specified readiness to check out and buy product(s) in his/her cart. 1. 0 Buyer confirms the intent to buy and supplies payment. 1. The buyer opens his/ her cart. 2. The system displays the carts contents with price(s) of product(s) included. 3. The buyer purchase product(s) via Papal. 4. The buyer entered the payment information. 5. The system verifies the payment informations authority. 6. The buyer confirms the payment transaction. (Alternative Course 1 . 1) 7.The system recesses payment. 8. The system confirms the payments success. 9. The system removes the purchased product(s) from the cart. 10. The buyer wants to view and print the recent or all the payment transactions report Information for Steps Purchase Authorization Cart Contents remuneration Information Payment Informations Authorization Payment hitch Product(s) Sale(s ) details Payment Transaction List of Payment Transactions Payment Transaction(s) report(s) 1. 1 Buyer cancels payment. (branch at step 6) 1 . The buyer cancels the payment transaction. 2. Return to Normal Course 6. 1. Cart has been modified. Product(s) purchase is recorded. 3. Product(s) gross gross sales transaction is recorded. 4. The buyer has the printed reports for the recent or all the payment transactions. El Payment Information is not classic. (occurs at step 5) 1. The system displays the message The payment information is not accepted. Please enter an authorized payment information. . 2. Return to Normal Course step 4. Payment Informations Authorization Buyer Payment Clearinghouse Payment Transaction Database Payment Transaction(sys report(s) Product Sales Database Use Case Name Post advertisement entries ID US-3 Actor SellerDescription This use case describes a marketer posting advertisement entries. Trigger A seller want to post an advertisement entry. 1 . The seller s account is authenticated. 2. The seller is knowledgeable about the product he/she is sacking to advertise. 3. The 4. The seller account database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Buyers posting of product advertisements. 1 . The seller wants to post an advertisement entry. 2. The system asks the seller to log in his/her seller account. 3. The seller logs in his/ her seller account. (Alternative Course 1 . 1) 4. The system verifies the account. 5. The seller inputs the advertisement information. The system verifies the advertisement information. 7. The seller confirms the advertisement. 8. The system confirms the advertisement entry for harbour approval. Information for Seller Account List of Seller Accounts Advertisement Information Advertisement Confirmation New Advertisement Entry 1. 1 The seller doesnt already have a seller account. (branch at step 3) 1. The seller registers his/her desired surname and password. 2. The system verifies if the surname is still available. AAA. The surname is still available. AAA. B. B. The seller has created a seller account. Return to Normal Course Step 4.The surname already exists. The system asks the seller if he wants to continue registration or not. B. 1 The seller wants to continue registration. B. 2 The seller cancels the request. List of Seller Surnames New Seller Account 1 . The advertisement entry is added to the advertisement database for sustain approval. 2. The unregistered seller has created a seller account. El Seller Account is not valid. (occurs at step 4) 1 . The system displays the message mirror surname and password is not valid. Please re-enter your surname and password. . E Account inputted is not a Seller Account. (occurs at step 4) 1 .The system displays the message inform account is a Buyer Account. Please enter a Seller Account. . 2. Return to Normal Course step 3. Seller Seller Account Database Pending Advertisement Database Use Case Name Management of sellers energetic advertisements ID US-4 Desc ription This use case describes the seller viewing his/her nimble voice advertisements. Trigger The seller wants to view his/her active voice advertisements. Trigger Type External 1 . The seller account is authenticated. 2. The advertisement database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Managing of active advertisements 1 . The seller wants to manage his/her active advertisements. The system displays all the sellers active advertisements. AAA. The seller edits the contents lummox specific advertisement. AAA. The system confirms the modification. B. The seller confirms the deletion an advertisement(s). B. The system confirms the modification. List of Active Advertisements Edit Information change Advertisement Deletion Confirmation Deleted Advertisement(s) None 1 . Advertisement Database has been modified. List of Active Advertisements Use Case Name Sales Revenue herald ID US-5 Priority Low Description This use case describes a seller viewing and printing his/her sales tax report.Trigg er A seller wants to view and print his/her sales revenue report. 1. The sellers account is authenticated. 2. The product sales database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Viewing and printing of sales revenue report 1. The seller wants to view his/her sales revenue report. 2. The system displays his/her sales revenue report. 3. The seller confirms the print of the report. 4. The system print the sales revenue report. List of Sales Revenue Sales Revenue Report 1 . The seller has the printed report of his/her sales revenue. Use Case Name Management of all the advertisements ID US-6 Actor AdmitDescription This use case describes the admit managing all the pending and active advertisements. Trigger The admit wants to manage the advertisements. 1. The admans account is authenticated. 2. The admit account database is up-to-date and online. 3. The advertisement database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Managing of all the advertisements 1. The admit logs in his/her admit account. 2. The system verifies the account. 3. The admit wants to manage all the advertisements both pending and active. 4. The system displays all the pending and active advertisements. AAA. The admit selects and view a pending advertisement.