Study On Reflection And Use Of Radiography Nursing Essay

Study On Reflection And Use Of Radiography Nursing Essay Reflection is an important and powerful strategy for the use of development in professional skills; as it enables the link between the practice and theoretical aspect of learning to help moving from a beginner to a skilled practitioner. Reflection should enhance self-awareness, identifying personal strengths and weakness as well as help in the improvement. In the world of definitions and explanations, there are different professors, author, and editors e.t.c and their different knowledge of understanding. Dewey defined reflective thought as active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends (Dewey 1933: 118). He set out five phases or aspects. 1. Suggestions, in which the mind leaps forward to a possible solution. 2. An intellectualization of the difficulty or perplexity that has been felt (directly experienced) into a problem to be solved. 3. The use of one suggestion after another as a leading idea, or hypothesis, to initiate and guide observation and other operations in collection of factual material. 4. The mental elaboration of the idea, or supposition as an idea or supposition (reasoning, in the sense in which reasoning is a part, not the whole, of inference). 5. Testing the hypothesis by overt, or imaginative action In every case of reflective activity, a person finds himself confronted with a given, present situation from which he has to arrive at, or conclude to, something that is not present. This process of arriving at an idea of what is absent on the basis of what is at hand is inference. What is present carries or bears the mind over to the idea and ultimately the acceptance of something else. (Dewey 1933 Donald Schà ¶n (1983) suggested that the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning was one of the defining characteristics of professional practice. He argued that the model of professional training which he termed Technical Rationality-of charging students up with knowledge  in training schools so that they could discharge when they entered the world of practice, perhaps more aptly termed a battery model-has never been a particularly good description of how professionals think in action, and is quite inappropriate to practice in a fast-changing world. Goodman (1984, cited by jasper 2003 p9) suggests that there are three levels of reflection which you are likely to move through during your education. However it is not helpful to think that you are at level 1 in year 1, level 2 in year 2 e.t.c. which level you achieve will depend on your skill and ability and should not be restricted to the level which has the same number as your year of study. Doing a general investigation on a word, a methodology, hypothesis, summary and conclusion on a laboratory practical would have being easier as I would have being confident enough to do a write up on what I did, should have done, and reasons why a certain error happened and how it could have being avoided. This is something that could be done as it has been done previously with my course at college. Writing a reflection on a work experience is different but similar to writing or doing an investigation on a laboratory practical, so the techniques of writing a laboratory practical can be used to write a reflection as well as the guidance notes posted on the blackboard. The medical field had ran in my family right from my oldest sister to my older sister as Nurses and now to me as a Radiography (student)I didnt choose to be a radiographer in order not to break the medical chain or because my sisters being nurses, but ever since I visited my oldest sister while she was on a work placement I saw other radiographers, how they operated the radiography machine in taking various x-rays; was breathe taken and wondered how the radiography machine makes use of its infrared without harming the human skin to get the image of the endo-skeleton. Since then I have being interested in the machines and in other get closer to it and find out how it works was to become its operator (radiographer). Queen Mary Hospital, Sidcup was a marvellous place to work/experience what it is like to be a radiographer, as well as being much more hygienic and patience than I was; as there were lots of precautions done before and after taking an x-ray such as the use of disinfectants before and after dealing with a patient and the accurate use of the radiography machine which requires lots of concentration and patience because a slight mistake could cause a life or make the situation of the patient worse. It was really nice meeting other radiography students but known and unknown, we were taken on a tour around the hospital by other senior radiography students then we were introduced to our various supervisors, my supervisor was a lovely lady who seem to be very experienced, she knew what she was doing and also what she was talking about, patient and confident. The first week of the experience was very nerve racking and it was knackering, we were technically a full time working class radiographers (9am 5pm) every day. I got used to the fatigue on the second week but was still nervous that I was going to make a mistake at some point while with a patient either theory wise or practical wise. With the help of the supervisor and the senior colleague I gained a little bit of confidence, was corrected before making and after making a mistake and was checked upon on a regular basis in order to be up to standard and produce distinctive results. Before allowed use of the radiography machine we had to get use to the environments such as being like receptionists, calling out the patients names, checking their information and details making sure that its the right person; this was practically interesting because I got to meet different people with different characters. Then I was given the opportunity to work in the CT (computerised tomography) scan briefly, was thought the basics of the machine, what it scans the body for, how it detects the diseases and how it is maintained. This was time consuming and required a lot of patience. It was quite boring at this point. But came to realise that I was no longer interested in radiography because of the machines, but interested in it because I like to be of help in anyways I can to the people and community. In the medical world mainly the National Health Services, UK there are various sections in each hospital, some hospitals specialised in something specific and some are specialised in everything, but a thorough medical check-up is not complete without some sort of scan which is where the radiographers and radiography comes in. Radiography is the use of X-rays to view a non-uniformly composed material such as the human body. By utilizing the physical properties of the ray an image can be developed displaying clearly, areas of different density and composition. A heterogeneous beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray generator and is projected toward an object. According to the density and composition of the different areas of the object a proportion of X-rays are absorbed by the object. The X-rays that pass through are then captured behind the object by a detector (film sensitive to X-rays or a digital detector) which gives a 2D representation of all the structures superimposed on each other. In tomography, the X-ray source and detector move to blur out structures not in the focal plane. Computed tomography (CT scanning) is different to plain film tomography in that computer assisted reconstruction is used to generate a 3D representation of the scanned object/patient. Radiography was not only used on living being (medical reasons) also industrial purposes such as fitting shoes. X-ray photons used for medical purposes are formed by an event involving an electron, while gamma ray photons are formed from an interaction with the nucleus of an atom. In general, medical radiography is done using X-rays formed in an X-ray tube. Nuclear medicine typically involves gamma rays. The types of electromagnetic radiation of most interest to radiography are X-ray and gamma radiation. This radiation is much more energetic than the more familiar types such as radio waves and visible light. It is this relatively high energy which makes gamma rays useful in radiography but potentially hazardous to living organisms. Gamma rays are indirectly ionizing radiation. A gamma ray passes through matter until it undergoes an interaction with an atomic particle, usually an electron. During this interaction, energy is transferred from the gamma ray to the electron, which is a directly ionizing particle. As a result of this energy transfer, the electron is liberated from the atom and proceeds to ionize matter by colliding with other electrons along its path. Other times, the passing gamma ray interferes with the orbit of the electron, and slows it, releasing energy but not becoming dislodged. The energy released is usually heat or another, weaker proton, and causes serious biological harm to the body such as skin cancer and other form of endo cancer. Radiography is a very important technique in the medical world but also dangerous if not used correctly on a patient. Before using one of the machines we had to disinfect ourselves, tie up loose hair, cover the ones that couldnt be tied up and wear protective clothes such as coveralls eye goggles and gloves. I was introduced to all the patients by my supervisor as a radiography student; some of them I took their x-ray with supervision and some I watched as theirs were taken and some were done with both my supervisor and I. the ones I did by myself with supervision I had to ask for their consent before doing anything on them some of them werent sure and some had no problem, for those who werent sure were the ones that was done with the supervisor and I; and for those who had no problem, I asked for their consent personally and was still feeling that in case the patient decide to take action against me I may be in danger of laws such as the right to self-determination in which adults h ave the right to determine what is done to their bodies and touching a person without consent is basically unlawful and can amount to trespass to them or, more rarely, a criminal assault Griffith, R., Tegnah, C. (2008) this made me really nervous and coming up with different thoughts of thing going wrong and might do something slightly wrong and end up becoming really disastrous. The analysis of the reflective process, the need to attend to feelings and attitudes (making use of positive feeling and then dealing with negative feeling) was apparent throughout and required self-awareness. The relieving aspect of the experience was the fact that all the patients I dealt with, with or without supervision fully co-operated without any difficulty and technicality, as they didnt have much choice to decline task I was going to do for them but to consent to the treatment because it was in their best interest; but they still had to be respected as patients and clients autonomy and their rights to decide whether or not to undergo any health care with use of medical equipments/machine intervention-even where a refusal may result in harm or death to themselves, unless a court of law orders to the contrary. The other option I had was not to personally asked patients that were dealt with by me for their consents and carry on with my task at the risk actions taken against me. Imposition of treatment upon a competent patient against their wishes may constitute inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Such option might have been counterproductive and detrimental to my career in the invent that any of the patients decide to take legal action against me (Tingle .J. and Cribb .A. 2007). I was classified as a very good and hardworking student, who was always willing to work at all times but needed to adjust on certain aspects such as hygiene skills and patience i.e. doing things properly without rushing them through, which I did improve on eventually; didnt get a few task done in the theoretical aspect but when it came to the practical aspect I was always willing to learn something new. Even in the practical I was still a bit shaking; but if I was to come back for another work placement and was told to do some if not most of the things I had done in my previous placement I believe there would be more care as I have gained more experience and knowledge of how to go about it. Reflection helps the practitioner to gain insight into self, be empowered to respond more effectively in similar situation in the future and realise your vision as a lived reality. In addition to that, reflection leads to learning certain skills and knowledge and development of attitudes and attri butes effective to make positive difference to the client To conclude, it has now become clear that reflection is a way to learn through experience and this helps the practitioner to gain insight or change his perception of himself or his practice. It is a good tool to describe, analyse and evaluate practice experience for future learning. Its major role in professional programme is learning but is also good for professional development and identifying learning needs. This essay has also made me to be aware of the factors that inhibit observation such as attention or its deficit, know-how, working condition and the need to know. It has made me to be aware of the fact that professional issues are normally composed of various important and co-relating issues. Issues There were lots issues faced while working at the hospital, mainly with the patients; most of the issues were to do with the reaction of people when it comes to the pronouncing of the names/surnames, some were just naturally mischievous and the rest were to do with unnecessary questions being asked and their slow rate of understand when explaining something to them. These issues were dealt with by just adapting to the environment as well as the different type of people that came; this has helped massively outside of the hospital. Another issue was between me and my supervisor we did have a few misunderstanding when it came to getting work done properly and in time, been told off several times, embarrassed in front of other colleagues e.t.c but the only way out was to do what the supervisor wanted which was getting work done and up to standard as well as punctuality. Issue between other colleagues and I; I made new friends tried to be social with everybody in class, never had any grudge against anybody but some did. Which I ignored and tried as much as possible to stay away from them because didnt want anything hindering or standing between me and my degree in order to ruin my career. Whenever we needed to work in pair on a task I made sure I worked with the one that I social with the most and not the ones that had the grudge; the last thing needed while working in a hospital was conflict and being hypocritical. The major issue of all was doing course work while doing the work experience; during the 2 months work experience we were at some point required to get some course work / power point presentations created more pressure on us. We worked from 9am 5pm, knackered for the rest of the night so had to rest but not in this situation on some nights had to get some the coursework / presentation done. It was all down to time-management more work and less socialising, Monday to Friday 9am-5pm, work an hour off each night was for investigations and the type up of the coursework, weekends most of the works were done including the rehearsal of the presentation as well as revision for upcoming examinations Dewey (1933) Donald Schà ¶n (1983) Goodman (1984, cited by jasper 2003) Griffith, R., Tegnah, C. (2008) Tingle .J. and Cribb .A. ( 2007). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiology http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/reflecti.htm http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-reflect.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiography

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Preface

And the TV series developed by Kevin Williamson & Julie Plec Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn and hell itself breathes out Contagion to this world. Now could I drink hot blood And do such bitter business as the day Would quake to look on. –Hamlet, William Shakespeare Preface The poets and philosophers I once loved had it wrong. Death does not come to us all, nor does the passage of time dim our memories and reduce our bodies to dust. Because while I was considered dead, and a headstone had been engraved with my name, in truth my life was just beginning. It was as if I'd been asleep these many years, slumbering in the darkest night, only to awake to a world that was brighter, wilder, more thrilling than I'd ever imagined. The humans I used to know continued their lives, just as I once had, spending their finite days going to the market, tending the fields, stealing secret kisses when the sun went down. They were merely shadows to me now, no more significant than the frightened squirrels and rabbits that scampered in the forest, barely conscious of the world around them. But I was no shadow. I was whole–and impervious to their worst fear. I had conquered death. I was no fleeting visitor to the world. I was its master, and I had all of eternity to bend it to my will.

Explain How Culture and Socialisation Interact in a...

Explain how culture and socialisation interact in a sociological context? Culture is our knowledge we gain from birth as a result of our immersement into our cultural group. Socialisation is the way in which we learn this information we gain from such contact. When we look at the two ‘Culture and Socialisation’ and study how this interaction occurs, what is gained, changed, modified, etc we are defining the interaction of culture and socialisation and how they react to each other we are using ‘Sociology’. Culture is known to us as the knowledge you learn from birth, from within your own group. It involves learning and establishing our languages, belief’s, norms, mores, sanctions, both positive and negative influences, sub and counter†¦show more content†¦How we learn to conform, acclimatise and transform. We look at the complicated relations between our bodies, our feelings and our ways of behaving with others in the living of everyday life so that social worlds can proceed in a fairly intelligible and orderly fashion most of the time. It will of course also be subject to serious conï ¬â€šict and breakdown, and sociology looks at this too.(Plummer 2010, p. 2) To understand the sociological perception or perspective you must first gain an understanding of the interaction of culture and people, their socialisation, and how it affects their lives. â€Å"Yet culture’s significance is profound; it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are.† (Henslin, Possamai amp; Possamai-Indesedy 2011, p. 77) After all we started off without ideas, ideals, values, morals etc. These types of information, values, ideas were a development as a result of culture and its associate socialisation, and your immersement into it from birth. Once we learn through sociology, what are the good, bad, beautiful and ugly of the values which a group hold with their culture, you are now aware of their ‘norms’, and you can now effectively work within these norms. These ‘norms’ are ‘expectations’, developed by the group which are a form of control, dictating the right and wrong way for acceptable and inacceptableShow MoreRelatedA Study Of Society And The Social Lives Of Each Individual1698 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. Sociology is the study of society and the social lives of each individual, group or society. Sociology uses patterns of social interactions, social culture and relationships to understand individual and group behaviours. The word sociology was used first by French philosopher, Auguste Comte (1798-1857). 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Is Vegetarianism the Only Answer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1738 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Vegetarian Essay Did you like this example? In 2014, researchers determined that methane is a particularly potent greenhouse gas (GHG) whichaccounts for 16% of total global GHGs emissions, (GIUBURUNCA, Mihaela, et al.). One of the main reasons for the abundant amount of methane is cattle, specifically ruminant livestock, that produce both dairy and meat, which are contributing to global warming. Their digestive systems go through enteric fermentation that releases methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Vegetarianism the Only Answer?" essay for you Create order According to the United Nations Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS), this ruminant livestock makes up 80% of greenhouse gas emissions out of the total agriculture contribution, with methane being one of the biggest culprits (GEAS). Due to the large demand for meat in the US, and globally, as peoples main source of protein, the livestock population has been increasing, causing a positive correlation in methane production. Methane is the main greenhouse gas contributing to the climate change crisis as its produced when ruminant livestock digest food through enteric fermentation. A number of solutions have been proposed and debated, such as adding seaweed to livestock diets (partially cows) or whether grass-fed or grain-fed is ultimately healthier for the environment. However, the only concrete solution that will solve this problem is to reduce the amount of meat eaten, particularly meat from ruminant livestock, and for those who are willing to go vegetarian. Livestock is mass pro duced to provide easy and cheap protein for people around the world. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FOA), Meat, milk, and eggs provide 34% of the protein consumed globally (FOA). Many people rely on meat for protein because cattle are easy to raise and they can withstand climate shocks, which is vital with the change in our climate (FOA). Meat can be incredibly cheap as many fast food restaurants, like McDonalds, Burger King, and In-N-Out, serve meat at a cheap price. For low-income families this can become an easy way to feed the family. This cheap meat has turned a food that was an occasional meal†meat†into an affordable, every-day product for many (GEAS). An increase in the demand for meat has caused what used to be a small-farming business that raised cattle on their land into a mass industry that looks more like a factory. However an important detail to acknowledge is while meat can be a great source of protein, high meat diets [can cause diseases such as] bowel cancer and heart disease (GEAS ). Eating meat on a regular basis is not only be harming the planet but it is harming the bodies of those who consistently eat in-expensive meat. With this increased demand for meat, an increase in cattle raising is contributing to climate change because they produce harmful greenhouse gases (GHG). These GHGs, specifically methane, is produced by livestock and emitted into the atmosphere. Ruminant livestock, such as cows, sheep, goats, and buffaloes, are animals that digest food in a process known as enteric fermentation. Enteric fermentation is the digestive process that produces greenhouse gases like methane, that contribute to 44.1% of the total livestock emissions (FOA). Cattle or cows are the biggest contributors as beef is in high demand, with 77% of global distribution of enteric methane emissions from ruminant come from cows alone (Morris). The large desire for meat, specifically beefwhich come from cattleis ultimately leading to the climate change crisis we see today. University of California, Davis has been conducting an experiment that may be a long-term solution for excessive methane production from ruminant livestock. They have found that by adding seaweed to cattle diets can dramatically decrease their emissions of the potent gas methane (Kennedy). The researchers add Asparagopsis armata, a type of algae, into hay and add molasses for taste (since the sa lty seaweed is not a favorite taste for cows) and they examine the effect it has on the amount of methane released by cattle. One of the groups received a high dose of seaweed, amounting to 1 percent of its feed. Another received half that, and the final group received no treatment, so the researchers could identify if adding seaweed to the diet would be successful (Kennedy). They used breathalyzers to determine the amount of methane and other greenhouse gases are on their breaths and immediately found it reduced methane emissions. They feared the seaweed would affect the taste of the milk but it was found that there was no change. The only need for further investigation is the long-term effects and if it changes the taste of beef. The one naysayer they presented was the inadvertent side effects, such as harming ocean ecosystems or creating additional emissions from shipping, all problems that need to be solved before the diet of cattle is switched (Kennedy). This solution, like many others, helps reduce methane but contribute to climate change in another respect, like harming the oceans ecosystem, which doesnt solve the problem indefinitely. Grain (corn) have taken over cattle diets as its cheap and an effective way to get the cows big enough to eat. According to Troy Roush, Vice President of the American Corn Growers Association, 30 percent of our land base is being planted to cornlargely driven by government policyallow[ing] us to produce corn below the cost of productionwere paid to overproduce (Kenner). The reason cattle are now fed corn, a type of grain, is because the United States has an abundance of corn, which is cheap and easy to grow. Also, researchers have now found that grain-fed cows produce less methane, which seems to be a double positive; cheap food for cattle and helps contributes to lower methane production. While this sounds like a collective serendipity, grass-fed cattle are healthier for the animals and for people t o consume even if they produce more methane, they have more benefits than one might think. As Michael Pollan, author of The Omnivores Dilemma states, Cows are not designed by evolution to eat corn. They are designed by evolution to get grass. And the only reason we feed [cows] corn is because corn is really cheap and corn makes them fat quickly (Kenner). Grass-fed cows may produce more methane than grain-fed cows according to Judith Capper, a Washington State University researcher, but even though grain-fed cows produce less methane, use less land and water, there are larger carbon sequestration benefits of raising cattle entirely on grass (Profita). Many believe that since grass-fed beef takes longer to gain weight resulting in more water, more land for grass fields and in general is more expensive, that grain-fed beef has to be better for climate change. However, according to Michael Pollan, grass-fed beef has a lighter carbon footprint because of the fertilizer, pesticides and fossil fuels required to produce the grain for feedlots, (Profita). So, in the end, both sides of the argument are right; Grass-fed beef produces more methane but grain-fed beef produces more carbon. The grass is harder for cows to digest which is why grain-fed cows produce less methane, however, some argue grass that is continually grazed by grass-fed cattle sequesters enough carbon to make up the difference in methane, (Profita). In the end, however, grass-fed cows are healthier for the cows themselves and the meat we get from them is healthier for us. Plus cows that eat grass are more beneficial in all because they keep the soil healthy which keeps carbon dioxide underground and out of the atmosphere as when cattle graze it helps stabilize soil, control weeds and reduce the risk of wildfire (Profita). This idealistic silvopasture system which combine trees, livestock and grazing.provid[ing] shade, timber, and food for livestock[with] carbon captured in soil and trees more than makes up for the greenhouse gases that ruminants emit through belches and flatulence, (Toensmeier), cant be a solution. In order to have all cows grazing on grass pastures, people would be destroying natural forest, to make room for the global beef and dairy demand (World Watch, Toensmeier). Even if cows go back to eating grass and grazing fields, the problem of the emission of GHGs has not been solved completely which is why this solution cant be the ultimate cure for climate change. While the last two proposed solutions (grass-fed cows or seaweed-fed cows) cant become the ultimate solution, becoming a vegetarian or reducing the amount of meat eaten by each individual can solve this problem permanently, without any negative drawbacks to the environment. According to the United Nations Global Environmental Alert Service, each [person should] consume no more than 70-90 grams of meat per day, to help reduce the population of cattle raised (GEAS). However while some argue that by eating meat that doesnt emit as much GHGs as ruminant livestock, like pigs and chickens, others claim that to truly reduce the amount of GHG emissions resulting from ruminant livestock by an individual, doesnt mean substituting one meat product with another that has a somewhat lower carbon footprint (World Watch). Meat consumption in general needs to be reduced in order for emissions to decrease to make a positive impact for climate change, which can be done by eating non-meat meat produces that use fake meat and non-dairy dairy products such as soy milk or almond milk. Grain and soy-products can also contribute to GHG emissions, which means that grass-fed meat and resulting dairy products may be more environmentally friendly than factory-farmed or grain-fed options (GEAS). Some question how to get a sufficient amount of protein in their diet by going vegetarian, which can be done by eating soybeans, quinoa, chia seeds, and tofu, to name a few. A hamburger for lunch doesnt seem like it would affect the climate of our planet, but as the United Nations Global Environmental Alert Service stated, the consumption of 1 kg domestic beef in a household represents automobile use of a distance of ?â‚ ¬? 160 km (99 miles), which means that for every hamburger one eats, climate change is effected (GEAS). The more livestock, especially those who go through enteric fermentation, the more GHGs are emitted into the atmosphere. Livestock has become like automobiles as we are mass producing them to an amount that is not part of pre-human times which is causing a molecule of CO2 exhaled by livestock [to be] no more natural than one from an auto tailpipe(Goodland). The only real way to stop this toxic progression is to cut out meat as much as possible, if not completel y, and to rethink how we feed ruminant livestock and ourselves.